exchange rate to one of the politically most important exchange rates, the exchange rate of the US dollar vis-à-vis the euro … (the DM). We use monthly data from 1975:01 to 2007:12. Applying a novel time-varying coefficient estimation approach, we …

euro. At the end of our estimation period, the previous exchange rate movements had shifted the upper bound of the play … area to about 1.55 US dollar per euro. In our interpretation, this is the current "pain threshold", where a strong spurt … reaction of exports to a further appreciation of the euro is expected to start. -- Exchange rate movements ; play hysteresis …

This paper focuses on nominal exchange rates, specifically the US dollar rate vis-à-vis the Euro and the Japanese Yen … dollar rate vis-à-vis the Euro and the Japanese Yen respectively. -- Fractional integration ; long memory ; exchange rates …