The paper provides an analysis of the euro area money and bond markets and their infrastructure since the introduction … of the euro. Significant development in terms of integration took place in both markets in general to a various degree … but apply more generally to euro securities infrastructure, identifies fields where further action is required. This …

) indicators of the euro. This framework yields two sets of indicators - (i) one nominal and several real EER indices against a … narrow reference group of euro area trading partners based on different price and cost deflators; and (ii) a nominal and a … industrial and newly industrialised euro area partner countries, while the broad group is made up of 38 trading partners …

The destructive potential of the sovereign debt crisis of the euro area has been slowly abating since last summer, but … euro area, and the other being an erosion of trust in the viability of the euro area itself. Such concerns have led to talk … the crisis or the future of the euro area. While the crisis is a traumatic wake-up call, it is also a catalyst for change …

distinct convergence clubs, with the euro area and the United States respectively at their core. In line with the theoretical …

financial markets, a feature that distinguishes the region from other emerging markets and, in particular, from the euro area …

2008. This paper discusses the main mechanisms behind the global downturn in trade and its impact on euro area exports and … competitiveness. It finds that the euro area was hit particularly hard by the contraction in global demand. Moreover, the collapse in … the demand for euro area products during the downturn was exacerbated to some degree by unfavourable developments in price …