derogation from adopting the euro as their currency (that is, each country joining the EU commits to replace its national … currency with the euro, but can choose when to request permission to do so). For most of these countries, adopting the euro … convergence with the rest of the euro area. …

Volatility in Italian sovereign spreads has increased since mid-2011. This paper finds that news on the euro area debt …

implications of the first decade of the Euro and to extend this understanding forwards to Europe and beyond. …

the end of Pax Americana and the beginning of something else, possibly a Pax Europea, led by the strength of the euro … performance of these two economic blocs. While the current exchange rate between the US dollar and the euro has been considered a … worried. The strength of the euro is becoming irritating for the Eurozone and, nevertheless, the weakness of the US dollar is …