This paper examines whether the Big Three credit rating agencies actually played as active a role in the Euro Crisis as …

The potential mutation of the Sub-Prime banking crisis into a sovereign debt one in Euro area countries is investigated … the end 2009 the probability of observing a Euro area country defaulting is less likely than six month before … self-fulfilling, sovereign debt or currency crises in Euro area in the future. -- king crisis ; sovereign debt crisis …

1. Introduction : the euro challenge seen from emerging markets -- 2. Reframing the euro vs. dollar debate -- 3. The … material limits of the euro challenge to the dollar -- 4. The alternative of the euro and the negotiated status of the dollar … -- 5. The euro's ideational challenge to the unipolarity of the dollar -- 6. The Eurozone's monetary power in reforming the …

Macroeconomic adjustment in the euro area periphery was more recessionary than pre-crisis imbalances would have …