derogation from adopting the euro as their currency (that is, each country joining the EU commits to replace its national … currency with the euro, but can choose when to request permission to do so). For most of these countries, adopting the euro … convergence with the rest of the euro area. …

Volatility in Italian sovereign spreads has increased since mid-2011. This paper finds that news on the euro area debt …

implications of the first decade of the Euro and to extend this understanding forwards to Europe and beyond. …