This note is a synthesis of the various studies existing on the development of the use of the euro by the customers … of a regular survey of the Commission among European banks on the share of the euro in the payments and bank accounts. …

Within a two-step GARCH framework we explore the linkages between equity returns of ten sectors in the euro area, the … United States and Japan, respectively. Our estimation framework allows a distinction to be made between spillover effects … process towards higher integration has been primarily a phenomenon of equity markets in the euro area and the United States. …

We examine the euro area monetary policy transmission process using post-1999 data, with two main questions in mind …

Four years after the introduction of the euro, this paper provides an overview of the current structure and integration … of the euro area financial systems and related policy initiatives. We first compare the euro area financial structure … with that of the United States and Japan. Using new and comprehensive financial account data, we also describe how the euro …

autarchic (i.e. fundamental) FX returns. The model is calibrated and tested on the Czech koruna/euro exchange rate in a setting … with seven Czech and euro area asset returns. …