managers. Employment relations can be either tough (where workers are monitored intensively and obtain few rents, and managers … workplace favor exchange). Both workers and managers also exert effort in providing community benefits. The threat of losing … access to community benefits can motivate managers to keep employment soft; conversely, the threat of losing future …

across organizations. A remaining question, however, is whether it is managers themselves or firm-wide management practices … this setting, managers move between stores but management practices are set by firm policy and largely fixed, allowing us … to hone in on managers' personal roles in determining store performance. We find: (i) managers affect and explain a large …

example, managers selecting a wage schedule consider a set of alternative wages while employees are hired at a given rate. We …

that affected managers' productivity. We use email data and a survey to explore the mechanisms behind these spillovers and … find that managers' increased output arises from reductions in the need to help lower level employees. Accounting for …

We critically review the emerging literature in Organizational and Personnel Economics concerning the role of managers … and management practices. Our focus is on the middle managers who populate the hierarchies between top executives and …

Traditionally, fund managers cast votes on behalf of investors whose capital they manage. Recently, this system has … come under intense debate given the growing concentration of voting power among a few asset managers and disagreements over … environmental and social issues. Major fund managers now offer their investors a choice: delegate their votes to the fund or cast …