integration, convergence in the European retail payments market is measured during the period 1995-2011 for the most used retail … estimating convergence are used: sigma convergence and beta convergence. There is some evidence of convergence for all payment … instruments has declined over time in Europe. The pace of convergence has picked up since the introduction of the single currency …

Euro area countries exhibited modest convergence prior to the financial crisis and diverged thereafter. Such divergence … countries. This might then explain in part the modest convergence and then divergence of euro area countries. …

achieved mostly sustained convergence with Western Europe. Many EU-CEE countries have overtaken Southern EU member states in … more sustained and sustainable rate of convergence with Western Europe in the coming decades. We find that governments in …

, we measure the convergence of per capita income, wages and life expectancy in CESEE with Western Europe since 1989, and …

The EU member states of Central Eastern Europe (EU-CEE) have experienced rapid convergence in the decades following …