in other lowmiddle- income countries, especially in rural areas, it is important to increase primary and secondary level …

difference-in-differences estimator using rural students to control for common time trends. We find that the Great HE raised … interpreted as the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of education on earnings for urban students who enrolled in HE only … the 2SLS returns for students from more disadvantaged backgrounds are at least as high as their more advantaged …

It is well known that the self-employed are over-represented at the bottom as well as the top of the income … distribution. This paper shifts the focus from the income situation of the self-employed to the distributive effects of a change in … increase in the proportion of self-employed individuals in the labor force increases income polarization by tearing down floors …

The Easterlin Paradox states that at a point in time happiness varies directly with income, both among and within … nations, but over time the long-term growth rates of happiness and income are not significantly related. The principal reason … for the contradiction is social comparison. At a point in time those with higher income are happier because they are …

outcomes as well as in other middle-income countries in southern Africa. …