There have been significant changes in the financing of early-stage innovative companies since the beginning of this decade. The importance of institutional venture capital funds' investments declined in financing startups and early-stage ventures. At the same time, alternative sources of...

The government has an important role to play in financing each stage of development of startups. Most of the financing for startups is provided by non-reimbursable public grants and lending, the latter supported by government guarantees. The role of venture capital is much smaller. However, the...