entrepreneurship? We compile four hand-collected measures of high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship (VC-funded IPOs, self … entrepreneurship and the other relating to small business activity. Except for the World Bank measure of firm registration of limited … liability companies quantity-based measures tend to be inappropriate proxies for high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship. …

We examine whether Europe has an "entrepreneurship deficit" compared to other industrialized regions. Cross …-country comparisons are difficult due to the lack of standard empirical definitions of entrepreneurship. Measures focusing on small … business activity and startup rates suggest that Europe has the same or higher rates of entrepreneurship than the U.S. and East …

measures to proxy for entrepreneurship often gives rise to misleading inferences. Interestingly the rate of billionaire …, more venture capital investment and lower regulatory burdens have higher entrepreneurship rates but less self …-employment. -- Entrepreneurship ; Innovation ; Institutions ; Regulation ; Self-employment …