The consequences of early motherhood for the offspring are severely understudied, especially in low- and middle-income … phases of childhood and early adolescence. Our results indicate that children born to early mothers are shorter for their age …

It has been shown that a person's relative income - compared to a reference group - has a negative impact on self … relative income is low. In this paper we study this hypothesis by estimating the effect of relative income on job mobility … characteristics. Our findings suggest that workers compare their own income to that of their neighbors, and low relative income is …

between the income of parents and that of their children. To understand the implications of polarization on economic mobility … lower upward mobility for children from low-income parents, higher intergenerational elasticity for children whose parents … from low-income parents if replacement of routine labor is high, and educational polarization for younger generations. I …

generation. However, the results are driven by individuals whose both parents were expellees and by the higher end of the …

Are there differentials in children's competence levels by their self-regulation and do they imply differences in …-regulation is generally not related to competence development over the first two years of primary school. Children with low initial …

relating to income on a national level. Polish GDP per capita (in PPP terms) increased from 49% of European Union average in … does not spread out proportionally on all regions and income convergence is not observed. Instead, the relatively fastest … purpose of the research is to analyze the relationship between the local convergence of income and educational achievements on …

accounting gains lower income groups would suffer welfare losses and higher income groups enjoy welfare gains through indirect …