The consequences of early motherhood for the offspring are severely understudied, especially in low- and middle-income … phases of childhood and early adolescence. Our results indicate that children born to early mothers are shorter for their age …

It has been shown that a person's relative income - compared to a reference group - has a negative impact on self … relative income is low. In this paper we study this hypothesis by estimating the effect of relative income on job mobility … characteristics. Our findings suggest that workers compare their own income to that of their neighbors, and low relative income is …

generation. However, the results are driven by individuals whose both parents were expellees and by the higher end of the …

Are there differentials in children's competence levels by their self-regulation and do they imply differences in …-regulation is generally not related to competence development over the first two years of primary school. Children with low initial …

accounting gains lower income groups would suffer welfare losses and higher income groups enjoy welfare gains through indirect …

income growth. New economic geography predicts income divergence across regions. We investigate the dynamic process of … accumulating tertiary education and regional income growth in Norway during the past four decades. The expansion of smart cities … goes along with catching up of education level in the periphery and overall the education levels converge. Income levels …