Showing 1 - 10 of 27
imprint on the postwar U.S. biomedical innovation system. Research areas it supported experienced rapid growth in postwar …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015326451
Scientific knowledge is believed to be the wellspring of innovation. Historically, firms have also invested in research … to fuel innovation and growth. In this paper, we document a shift away from scientific research by large corporations … innovation. Large firms appear to value the golden eggs of science (as reflected in patents) but not the golden goose itself (the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012457764
Intelligently allocating research effort and funds requires deciding whether to build on recent advances or on more established knowledge. When recent advances create superior opportunities for invention, their adoption as research inputs in the invention process promotes technological progress....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012460166
Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012585399
-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482553
transformed the American innovation landscape, deepening the division of innovative labor between universities, startups, and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015398165
This paper introduces a newly digitized, open-access version of the Food and Drug Administration's "Orange Book"--a linkage between approved small-molecule drugs and the patents that protect them. The Orange Book also reports any applicable regulatory exclusivity that prevents competitive entry....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013462677
Are scientific knowledge flows embodied in individuals, or "in the air"? To answer this question, we measure the effect of labor mobility in a sample of 9,483 elite academic life scientists on the citation trajectories associated with individual articles (resp. patents) published (resp. granted)...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012461974
Using detailed data on biotechnology in Japan, we find that identifiable collaborations" between particular university star scientists and firms have a large positive impact on firms'" research productivity, increasing the average firm's biotech patents by 34 percent development by 27 percent,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012472457
Scientists who make breakthrough discoveries can receive above- normal returns to their intellectual capital, with returns depending on the degree of natural excludability - that is, whether necessary techniques can be learned through written reports or instead require hands-on experience with...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012473680