relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …

Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

development of new energy technologies (Popp, 2017). Energy innovation tends to consist of a series of partially overlapping …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

Scientific knowledge is believed to be the wellspring of innovation. Historically, firms have also invested in research … to fuel innovation and growth. In this paper, we document a shift away from scientific research by large corporations … innovation. Large firms appear to value the golden eggs of science (as reflected in patents) but not the golden goose itself (the …

externalities but also by innovation market failures. This paper maps the economics literature on innovation market failures and …

products to China. We find causal evidence that offshoring impacts both the level and nature of innovation. In the technologies … directly related to product categories that could be offshored more easily after the policy shock, overall innovation levels … decline and innovative effort shifts away from product innovation and towards process innovation. However, we also find …