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Crisis Innovation Policy from World War II to COVID-19
Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012585399
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The Economics of Crisis Innovation Policy : A Historical Perspective
Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482553
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The NBER Orange Book Dataset : A User's Guide
Durvasula, Maya; Hemphill, C. Scott; Ouellette, Lisa … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
This paper introduces a newly digitized, open-access version of the Food and Drug Administration's "Orange Book"--a linkage between approved small-molecule drugs and the patents that protect them. The Orange Book also reports any applicable regulatory exclusivity that prevents competitive entry....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013462677
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The Diffusion of Scientific Knowledge Across Time and Space : Evidence from Professional Transitions for the Superstars of Medicine
Azoulay, Pierre - 2011
Are scientific knowledge flows embodied in individuals, or "in the air"? To answer this question, we measure the effect of labor mobility in a sample of 9,483 elite academic life scientists on the citation trajectories associated with individual articles (resp. patents) published (resp. granted)...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012461974
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A Survey of Empirical Evidence on Patents and Innovation
Sampat, Bhaven N. - 2018
This report surveys the empirical literature from economics and related fields on patents and innovation. In particular …, it reviews and synthesizes the empirical evidence on patents and first-generation innovation, the disclosure function of … patents, and patents and follow-on innovation. The main results are summarized in fifteen charts …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012481031
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Organizing Crisis Innovation : Lessons from World War II
Gross, Daniel P. - 2020
World War II innovation model in other crises. In this essay we describe exactly how it worked. We do so first through a … general overview of how OSRD approached several questions that may confront any crisis innovation effort: priority setting … innovation policy different, how crisis innovation policy approaches may vary, and the limits to generalizing from World War II …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482128
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Innovators : Filmmakers
Galenson, David W. - 2010
John Ford and Alfred Hitchcock were experimental filmmakers: both believed images were more important to movies than words, and considered movies a form of entertainment. Their styles developed gradually over long careers, and both made the films that are generally considered their greatest...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012462721
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Innovators : Architects
Galenson, David W. - 2010
Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, and Frank Gehry were experimental architects: all worked visually, and arrived at their designs by discovering forms as they sketched. Their styles evolved gradually over long periods, and all three produced the buildings that are generally considered their...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012462990
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Wisdom and Creativity in Old Age : Lessons from the Impressionists
Galenson, David W. - 2007
Psychologists have not considered wisdom and creativity to be closely associated. This reflects their failure to recognize that creativity is not exclusively the result of bold discoveries by young conceptual innovators. Important advances can equally be made by older, experimental innovators....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012465463
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Painting by Proxy : The Conceptual Artist as Manufacturer
Galenson, David W. - 2006
In 1958, the French philosopher Etienne Gilson observed that "painters are related to manual laborers by a deep-rooted affinity that nothing can eliminate," because painting was the one art in which the person who conceives the work is also necessarily the person who executes it. Conceptual...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012465946