Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

Two central insights from the Schumpeterian approach to innovation and growth are that the pace of innovation is … empirical literature on trade and innovation. We highlight four key mechanisms through which international trade affects … endogenous innovation and growth: (i) market size; (ii) competition; (iii) comparative advantage; (iv) knowledge spillovers. Each …

-dimensional connections between globalization and innovation. We develop a model that features many of those mechanisms that connect trade and … innovation. It features the joint selection of firms into innovation and international market participation (in our model, we … for innovation …

This report surveys the empirical literature from economics and related fields on patents and innovation. In particular …, it reviews and synthesizes the empirical evidence on patents and first-generation innovation, the disclosure function of … patents, and patents and follow-on innovation. The main results are summarized in fifteen charts …

World War II innovation model in other crises. In this essay we describe exactly how it worked. We do so first through a … general overview of how OSRD approached several questions that may confront any crisis innovation effort: priority setting … innovation policy different, how crisis innovation policy approaches may vary, and the limits to generalizing from World War II …

This paper investigates the effect of export shocks on innovation. On the one hand a positive shock increases market … size and therefore innovation incentives for all firms. On the other hand it increases competition as more firms enter the … export market. This in turn reduces profits and therefore innovation incentives particularly for firms with low productivity …