Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

tightening constraints on water, arable land, and other natural resources, agricultural innovation is quickly becoming the most … universities, which, historically, have been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly dependent on funding from … evidence on the forces that drive research and innovation in agriculture. This book aims to provides such evidence through …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

Introduction /Petra Moser --The roots of agricultural innovation : patent evidence of knowledge spillovers /Matthew … Meyers, Paul W. Rhode --Comment /Michael J. Roberts --Local effects of land grant colleges on agricultural innovation and …, more resilient crops to feed a more crowded planet in the twenty-first century. Innovation has historically helped …

' effects on chemical innovation in the U.S. we compare changes in patenting by U.S. inventors in research fields of émigrés ….S. invention. Inventor-level data indicate that émigrés encouraged innovation by attracting new researchers to their fields, rather …

This report surveys the empirical literature from economics and related fields on patents and innovation. In particular …, it reviews and synthesizes the empirical evidence on patents and first-generation innovation, the disclosure function of … patents, and patents and follow-on innovation. The main results are summarized in fifteen charts …

World War II innovation model in other crises. In this essay we describe exactly how it worked. We do so first through a … general overview of how OSRD approached several questions that may confront any crisis innovation effort: priority setting … innovation policy different, how crisis innovation policy approaches may vary, and the limits to generalizing from World War II …

a package to other firms. Regulators favor pools as a means to encourage innovation: Pools are expected to reduce … the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have … discouraged patenting and innovation, in particular for the members of the pool. Data on stitches per minute, as an objectively …