Sustainable development depends on maintaining long-term economic, social, and environmental capital. In failing to make the best use of their female populations, most countries are underinvesting in the human capital needed to assure sustainabilitly. This market and systems failure is discussed...

Evaluation is a key tool in improving the quality and effectiveness of development co-operation. The Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Working Party in Aid Evaluation is the only international forum where bilateral and multilateral evaluation experts meet regularly. Its Members meet to...

Too many developing countries are not on track to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 and need to pursue better and more sustained ways of reducing poverty. If progress continued on present trends, some countries in sub-Saharan Africa would not reach the MDGs for over a...

This Test Guideline describes an in vitro screen for chemical effects on steroidogenesis, specifically the production of 17ß-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T). The human H295R adreno-carcinoma cell line, used for the assay, expresses genes that encode for all the key enzymes for...

In a first-ever joint report by the UN, the OECD, the World Bank and the IMF, the world’s four principal development institutions assess progress towards poverty reduction goals and agree on a common vision for the way forward. The goals for international development address that most...

Putting aside the euphoria of supporters of public-private dialogue (PPD) and the doom prophecies of its detractors, this analysis identifies the advantages that it can bring, while cautioning against the very real dangers it can present to fragile states and relatively recent democracies. The...

Innovation drives long-term economic growth. It has a crucial role to play as global economies recover from the current financial crisis. This book examines the role of innovation in developing countries, with a focus on Africa. It investigates innovation systems and their application; the key...

This annual report, covering events in 1994, is a concise factual compendium of cross-country trade and trade-related developments. It chronicles intense activity in the world trading system: the historic signing of the Final Act of the Uruguay Round; preparations for the entry into force of the...

This paper provides an overview of developments in optical fibre communication technology and investment. It finds that the costs of deploying these networks are significant and that the monthly prices subscribers will pay will be highly dependent on take-up rates.