The study suggests that the long-run evolution of any technologies depend on the interaction with other technologies. This proposed interpretation of the evolution of technology is explained with the concept of technological parasitism, in broad analogy with the evolutionary ecology....

Objectives: The goal of this study is to analyze the evolution of technology in artificial heart valves for solving the problem of aortic stenosis (a narrowing of the aortic valve opening) that is one of the most common valvular heart diseases in society. In particular, this study explains the...