The lack of available prices in the Dutch life insurance industry makes competition an elusive concept that defies … direct observation. Therefore, this paper investigates competition by analysing several factors which may affect the … Xinefficiency, since severe competition would force firms to exploit available scale economies and to reduce X-inefficiencies. Both …

This paper is the first that applies a new measure of competition, the Boone indicator, to the banking industry. This … approach is able to measure competition of bank market segments, such as the loan market, whereas many well-known measures of … competition can consider the entire banking market only. Like most other model-based measures, this approach ignores differences …