We study the effect of the fragmentation of intellectual property rights on optimal patent design. The major finding is … requirements should be stronger than in the case of stand-alone innovation. This reduces the fragmentation of intellectual property …

market fragmentation and internalization. Market fragmentation is found to improve global and local liquidity, with spreads … other factors than market fragmentation. The only harmful effect is that fragmentation may reduce market depth for small …

-quote depth relate to market fragmentation and internalization after MiFID. Market fragmentation is found to improve global and … post-MiFID period is driven by other factors than market fragmentation. The only harmful effect is that fragmentation may …

This note is a reflection on the meaning and scope of segregation and socio-spatial fragmentation indicators and … of segregation or fragmentation, they must nevertheless themselves be put to the test of sociological reasoning. The …

efficiency of two main civil liability regimes usually enforced to protect the environment: the strict liability regime and the … independently of any liability regime. This independency has economic consequences. First, victims and polluters pit one against … another about the liability regime that the government should enforce. Hence, financially constrained polluters prefer the …