itself) to a sizable and statistically significant increase in trade between the member countries of EMU. In this paper, we … put the trade effect of the euro in historical perspective. We argue that the creation of the EMU was a continuation (or … strong evidence of a gradual increase in trade intensity between European countries. Once we control for this trend in trade …

This paper explores official trade data to identify patterns of smuggling in international trade. Our main measure of … interest is the difference in matched partner trade statistics, i.e., the extent to which the recorded export value in the … with the level of corruption in both partner countries. This finding supports the hypothesis that trade gaps partly …