The paper examines industrial relations in the shipping industries of two Liberal Market Economies (LMEs), Australia and the United States and in two Coordinated Market Economies (CMEs), Germany and Denmark. Hall and Soskice?s (2001) theory of Liberal versus Coordinated market economies has been...

Ecological concerns have never been top of the list for Australian policy makers in recent years. Instead, they have struggled with issues of reliance on the export of primary commodities with declining terms of trade, dependence on the import of capital and shortages of managerial expertise....