We document the nature of structural changes in employment to understand “jobless” growthin Irish Manufacturing in the aftermath of EEC/EU membership, 1972-2003. By 1972, fortyyears of protectionism and fifteen years of export promotion induced the coexistence of largeexporting plants with...

Uncovering gradients is of crucial importance across a broad range of economic environments. Here we consider data-driven bandwidth selection based on the gradient of an unknown regression function. The procedure developed here is automatic and does not require initial estimation of unknown...