ERP Systems are developed to assist information management and analysis to organisations for gaining business advantage. Although ERP systems claim to produce competitive advantage for companies investing on ERP, it is still questionable (See [9]: Powell, 1997). This is also valid for IT in...

Navigational systems assist drivers in finding a route between two locations that is time optimal in theory but seldom in practice due to delaying circumstances the system is unaware of, such as traffic jams. Upon arrival at the destination the service of the system ends and the driver is forced...