examine private transfers. They show much less contrast between urban and rural areas but a sharp contrast between males and … females. Adult males increase the amount of transfers they send after positive shocks and receive more transfers after … negative shocks, wherever they reside, pointing towards the use of transfers as insurance. Females send and receive on average …

investment. In return, it is compensated by monetary transfers for this effort. We show that the level of fixed cost must be …

types of agreement : an agreement on a uniform standard with transfers and an agreement on differentiated standards without … transfers. To achieve this goal, we use a multi-stage game where the private sector anticipates its irreversible investment … transfers is not optimal, because it takes away the incentive of all firms to invest in a new abatement technology. …

total welfare criteria, we notice first that differentiated standards with transfers are generally better than uniform … standards with transfers. Secondly, differentiated standards without transfers always outperform uniform standards without … transfers. Last, the numerical results show that the asymmetry on abatement benefits between the countries makes the uniform …

This paper analyses intergovernmental transfers in France and Italy to assess how soft budget spending behaviors may …

While there is a large body of literature on the determinants of allocation of intergovernmental …fiscal transfers in … allocation system of …fiscal transfers conform to the guidance of the normative theory, in particular, to the equity principle …? (2) Does this allocation system eliminate the politically motivated targeting of transfers? (3) If not, what kind of …