countries. In each country, the incumbent autocrat will cater to the preferences of the elites when setting trade policy and the … manufacturing sector. This, in turn, can lead to a shift in the comparative advantage, a decision to open up to trade and an inflow …

systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography … economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade …, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of economically relevant …