and the Gottschalk (1996) method we investigate to what extent fathers' unemployment is causal for offspring's employment …This paper studies the association between the unemployment experience of fathers and their sons. Based on German … intergenerational unemployment transmission. This outcome is robust to alternative data structures and to tests at the intensive and …

age 25 for East and West German youths: non-employment (i.e., unemployment or out of the labor force), permanent fulltime … employment, and wages. We find strong positive effects of apprenticeship and vocational training. There are no significant …

We apply German Mikrozensus data for the period 1996 to 2004 to investigate the employment status of mothers … substantial differences in the employment behavior of East and West German mothers. German family policy sets incentives … particularly for low income mothers not to return to the labor market after birth. East German mothers' employment outcomes matches …

can affect the decision to join a trade union. Furthermore, a shift in risk attitudes can alter collective bargaining … that an overall increase in risk aversion contributes to wage moderation and promotes employment. …

aggregate unemployment. Our evidence supports countercyclical teenage fertility. …