input and output markets, going back decades before the period under review. Most significantly, in the wake of economic … reforms launched during the 1980s, it has withdrawn from most of the commodity markets except wheat. In other commodity … markets, intervention is by and large notional and without much practical involvement. The rolling back of the public sector …

This study tests the long-run and short-run integration of maize markets in Malawi using the co-integration approach … direction of causality between maize markets. A total of six maize markets, two from each region, were analyzed. Three are urban … markets, while two of the three rural markets are border markets. The study uses monthly maize retail prices for the period …

and the likely destinations of these products in national or international markets. Local collectors/farmers and dealers … were surveyed about their collection efforts, quantities collected, prices received, and resulting incomes. Herbal markets …