This paper tests whether the so-called ‘reach of the market’ helps to explain ‘why Europe’ and ‘why north …-western Europe’. By looking at grain markets from the late seventeenth to the early twentieth century, this study concludes that the … neither a concomitant nor an effect of the Industrial Revolution, but indeed a plausible determinant for the rise of Europe …

classified according their relative efficiency, it can be interpreted as an indicator of comparative advantage. Our results … significant loss of efficiency for the economy, such that only 50 out of 125 industries, accounting for 39 percent of the Spanish … the verge of relative efficiency.[...] …

This paper uses a stochastic cost frontier model to investigate the efficiency of Britain’s private railways during the … that private ownership per se is not sufficient to promote efficiency in the railway industry; it should be supported by …

at reducing fixed costs of entry (deregulation)and improving the efficiency of financial markets (financial reform …

answer around two proximate determinants: factors of productionand efficiency. It answers the question “how much of the cross …-country income variance canbe attributed to differences in (physical and human) capital, and how much to differencesin the efficiency … current consensus is that efficiency is at leastas important as capital in explaining income differences. I survey the data …

efficiency, equity, and administrative and compliance costs. This paper analyzes tax expenditures in Italy, considering the …

This paper explores the impact of fiscal decentralization on the efficiency of public service delivery. It uses a … stochastic frontier method to estimate time-varying efficiency coefficients and analyzes the impact of fiscal decentralization on … those efficiency coefficients. The findings indicate that fiscal decentralization can improve the efficiency of public …

. In the end, the U.S. possessed a modern financial system able to finance innovation and growth. At a time when Europe is …