According to theory, the effect of carriers' transport costs on freight prices depends on the directional imbalance in transport flows. Using data on inland waterway transport, we demonstrate that when the ratio of export to import trips doubles, the marginal effect of carriers' transport costs...

This paper aims at assessing the role of market linkages in shaping the spatial distribution of earnings. Using a space-time panel data on Italian provinces, I structurally estimate a NEG model in order to both test the coherence of theory with data, as well as to give a measure of the extent of...

Few studies conceive of land as a productive factor but British land use policies may lower total factor productivity (TFP) in the retailing industry by (i) restricting the total availability of land for retail, thereby increasing space costs (ii) directly limiting store size and (iii)...

Using nationally representative panel data for British private sector workplaces this paper points to the importance of distinguishing between workplace and firm size when analysing employment growth, and finds that the factors associated with growth differ markedly between single independent...

We study risk behavior of Danish self-employed entrepreneurs, whose income risk may be driven by both exogenous factors and effort choice (moral hazard). Partial insurance is available through voluntary unemployment insurance (UI). Additional incentives to sign insurance contracts stem from a...