distribution of incomes and employment, to consider explicit measures of well-being, which have been shown to depend on far more …

absolute terms, correcting for purchasing power. The relatively high employment rates of less educated German youth combined …-German difference in employment rates …

Standard models suggest that adverse labor demand shocks will lead to bigger employment losses if institutional factors … explains the contrast between the United States, where real wages fell over the 1980s and aggregate employment expanded … vigorously, and Europe, where real wages were (roughly) constant and employment was stagnant. We test this hypothesis by …

This paper exploits a unique offshoring survey to show that firms continue domestic production of the same goods they …. Firms' reactions also motivate a new offshoring measure - produced- good imports - that is readily observed in most firm …

The rise of offshoring of intermediate inputs raises important questions for commercial policy. Do the distinguishing … features of offshoring introduce novel reasons for trade policy intervention? Does offshoring create new problems of global … perform in a world where offshoring is prevalent? In this paper we provide answers to these questions, and thereby initiate …

offshoring in the short run and in the long run (when technology levels are endogenous). The short-run analysis shows that when … research efforts in response to increased offshoring. In particular, the rich country always gains from increased fragmentation …

- spaghetti bowls as building blocs - whereby offshoring creates a force that encourages the multilateralisation of regionalism …

We identify "first generation" statistics to measure offshoring as the share of imported intermediate inputs in costs … demand and relative wages due to offshoring. A limitation of these statistics is that they cannot be used to measure the … impact on real wages, and for that purpose, we need price-based measures of offshoring. More recently, "second generation …