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Gay Politics Goes Mainstream : Democrats, Republicans, and Same-Sex Relationships

Fernández, Raquel; Parsa, Sahar - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

Attitudes towards same-sex relationships in the US have changed radically over a relatively short period of time. After remaining fairly constant for over two decades, opinions became more favorable starting in 1992--a presidential election year in which the Democratic and Republican parties...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012599352

Infrequent Identity Signals and Detection Risks in Audit Correspondence Studies

Balfe, Catherine; Button, Patrick; Penn, Mary; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

measure discrimination by comparing how responsive individuals ("audited units") are to correspondences from different types …. We argue that when researchers use audit correspondence studies to measure discrimination against individuals that … attenuated (downwardly biased) estimates of discrimination …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012510596

Culture, Institutions and Social Equilibria : A Framework

Acemoglu, Daron; Robinson, James A. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

This paper proposes a new framework for studying the interplay between culture and institutions. We follow the recent sociology literature and interpret culture as a \repertoire", which allows rich cultural responses to changes in the environment and shifts in political power. Specifically, we...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012533381

Systemic Discrimination : Theory and Measurement

Bohren, J. Aislinn; Hull, Peter; Imas, Alex - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022

Economics tends to define and measure discrimination as disparities stemming from the direct (causal) effects of … systemic (i.e. indirect) channels. For example, racial disparities in criminal records due to discrimination in policing can … for modeling and measuring both direct and systemic forms of discrimination. We define systemic discrimination as emerging …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013172120

Gender and Underrepresented Minority Differences in Research Funding

Cruz Castro, Laura; Ginther, Donna K.; Sanz Menéndez, Luis - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022

This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the United States and substantially...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013334326

COVID-19 and SMEs : A 2021 "Time Bomb"?

Gourinchas, Pierre-Olivier; Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

This paper assesses the prospects of a 2021 time bomb in SME failures triggered by the generous support policies enacted during the 2020 COVID-19 crisis. Policies implemented in 2020, on their own, do not create a 2021 "time-bomb" for SMEs. Rather, business failures and policy costs remain...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482634