, capital, and trade openness in Australia. We also apply the vector error correction model (VECM) to understand the short run … causality between energy consumption and economic growth; financial development and energy consumption; trade openness and … economic growth; economic growth and financial development; energy consumption and trade openness; and financial development …

monotonic relationship between financial development and economic growth for South Africa. Trade openness and per capita real …

The nexus between trade openness and energy demand is hot topic of discussion among academicians and researchers, and … numerous studies are available in existing literature while investigating the nexus between trade openness and energy demand …. This paper explores the relationship between energy consumption, trade openness and economic growth in case of Thailand. In …

This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption and trade performance in Pakistan by using the … between energy consumption and trade performance. Our results indicate that gross domestic product, exports and imports have … the trade performance which leads to decline in economic growth in Pakistan. The present study may guide policy makers in …

This paper investigates the relationship between foreign direct investment, clean energy, trade openness, carbon …. We find that foreign direct investment, trade openness and carbon emissions decline energy demand. Economic growth and …

This paper explores the relationship between trade openness and energy consumption using data of 91 high, middle and … the variables. The relationship between trade openness and energy consumption is inverted U-shaped in high income … bidirectional causality between trade openness and energy consumption. …