. Empirical evidence suggests that emerging markets, as well as European countries such as Italy, Sweden or Germany have ….Corporate financing patterns in emerging markets in the 1990s were broadly similar to those observed in the 1980s. Unlike their … held beliefs, product market competition in emerging countries is no less intense than in advanced economies. …

during the 1980s and 90s. The surprising central finding is that the intensity of competition in emerging markets is no less … private sector’s expanding role in developing countries in general have focused attention on issues of competition, corporate … product market competition in seven emerging economies by time series analysis of persistence of corporate profitability …