The creation of spinoff companies is often promoted as a desirable mechanism for transferring knowledge and …

knowledge through the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research Program. Our conceptual framework assumes the nature of an …

innovation is a crucial productivity driver, a potential crowding out of inventive efforts could increase the cost of mitigating …. However, we do not find negative effects on the number of ongoing R&D projects, investments in innovation-related fixed assets … or on the outcome of innovation projects. Likewise, for firms with subsidy-backed environmental innovations no crowding …