recent studies on competition and efficiency in national banking sectors are related to concentration and profitability … and competition. There is also no robust relationship between concentration and profitability. …

influences total demand. Survey data of Dutch merchants shows that costs, and competition affect acceptance as well as … their customers for using them. Merchants who face any competition accept debit card payments relatively more often than … merchants with monopoly power, and they are less likely to surcharge their customers for debit card usage. Intense competition …