This paper1 investigates the determinants and impact of agroforestry for smallholders in rural Tanzania. Two questions are addressed: (1) Do these factors drive farmers to grow trees? (2) To what extent does tree cultivation contribute to income generation of households? The empirical results...

Some recent research began to shift the focus of development efforts away from income and yield to more diverse concepts that consider people's intrinsic drivers and values, such as aspirations and personality traits. We aim to contribute to the literature by exploring the connections between...

Addressing the global challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss requires the widespread adoption of sustainable agricultural practices such as agroforestry. In many Sub-Saharan African countries, however, agroforestry adoption rates remain low among small-scale farmers, with...

What is the impact of product certification on small-scale farmers’ livelihoods? To what extent does the participation of Ethiopian small-scale coffee farmers in certified local cooperative structures improve their socio-economic situation? To answer these questions, this paper employs...