unemployed declined after the reform. These patterns suggest that the reform of unemployment benefits may be one of the reasons …We investigate whether a cut in unemployment benefit payout periods affected older workers' labor market transitions … behind the recent incredible rise in old age employment in Germany. …

establishments (0-9 employees), subsidized Minijob employment comprises large shares of the work force, on average over 40 percent …. For these establishments, robust evidence shows that increasing the subsidization of Minijob employment crowds out non …-subsidized employment. Our results imply that Minijob employment in 2014 may have eliminated more than 0.5 million unsubsidized employment …

postponed retirement, stayed employed longer, postponed unemployment, and shifted to alternative pathways into retirement. The …

market outcomes do not benefit significantly from naturalization. Naturalization reduces the risks of unemployment and …