We investigate whether a cut in unemployment benefit payout periods affected older workers' labor market transitions … unemployed declined after the reform. These patterns suggest that the reform of unemployment benefits may be one of the reasons …

postponed retirement, stayed employed longer, postponed unemployment, and shifted to alternative pathways into retirement. The …We study causal effects of two early retirement reforms. Reform 1 (NRA) increased normal retirement age stepwise from … 60 to 63. Simultaneously, it became possible to use early retirement with benefit discounts. Reform 2 (ERA) increased the …

market outcomes do not benefit significantly from naturalization. Naturalization reduces the risks of unemployment and …