analogy to medical treatments, the individual exposure to these tools may have side effects. We study effects on health using … outcomes before and after exposure to training and sanctions. We find that training improves cardiovascular and mental health … and lowers sickness absence. The results suggest that this is not due to improved employment prospects but rather to …

large reforms of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit levels in Austria. We document that wages are insensitive to UI benefit …. The value of nonemployment is therefore a key determinant of wages. We measure the wage effect of changes in the value of … sensitivities larger than $0.03. The insensitivity holds even among workers with low wages and high predicted unemployment duration …