Mortality and economic contraction during the 1918-1920 Great Influenza Epidemic provide plausible upper bounds for outcomes under the coronavirus (COVID-19). Data for 43 countries imply flu-related deaths in 1918-1920 of 39 million, 2.0 percent of world population, implying 150 million deaths...

Corporate versus pass-through status trades off productivity benefits (related to perpetual identity, limited liability, public trading, and earnings retention) against tax wedges, estimated from U.S. federal taxes on corporate profits, dividends, and partnership income. In regressions,...