We evaluate the effects of international outsourcing and labor taxation on wage formation and equilibrium unemployment … reduce equilibrium unemployment of low-skilled workers both in the presence and absence of labor taxation. In the presence of … outsourcing, wage tax, tax exemption and payroll tax have an ambiguous effect on equilibrium unemployment. Increasing the degree …

Empirical evidence reveals that unemployment tends to increase property crime but that it has no effect on violent …. Unemployment increases the relative attractiveness of large and less violent gangs engaging more in property crime …