This paper identifies a "border" effect in the absence of a border. The finding that trade between East- and West-Japan … contemporaneous structure of Japan’s business and social networks, rather than cultural differences, induced by long …

fundamental reserve demands of Fed member banks, we find that despite being doubled, reserve requirements were not binding on bank … fundamental reserve demands of Fed member banks, we find that despite being doubled, reserve requirements were not binding on bank …

of policy have recently been of greater importance: changes in the supply of bank reserves, changes in the assets … allow a role for the central bank’s balance sheet in equilibrium determination and then consider the connections between … the strict sense and targeted asset purchases by a central bank, arguing that, according to our model, while the former is …

trade uncertainty and find that an increase in trade uncertainty is associated with a contraction in bank lending to all … effects are stronger for firms that are more reliant on bank finance. …