transmission of monetary policies of the U.S., euro area, Japan, and United Kingdom. Two other studies use international data with ….S. policies, and bank-specific heterogeneity influences the magnitudes of transmission. The effects are supportive of the … international bank lending channel and the portfolio channel of monetary policy transmission. They also show that the frictions that …

not change their risk exposure. -- FAVAR ; bank risk taking ; macro-finance linkages ; monetary policy ; commercial …