unobserved heterogeneity. We find a small, but measurable, negative price elasticity for inappropriate drug use with respect to … inappropriate medications, however the elasticity of cost sharing is lower than that of drugs in general and the price elasticity is …

substantial price differences between gas from different export countries, and do prices move together? Time series of Norwegian … prices for gas to Germany move proportionally over time, indicating an integrated gas market (the Law of One Price holds). We …. Among the explanatory factors for price discrepancies are differences in volume flexibility (swing) and perceived political …

This paper studies the price and employment response of firms to the introduction of a nation-wide minimum wage in … insignificant. In contrast, affected firms increased prices much more frequently. The price effect is prevalent across different … degree of price pass-through were high and firms rolled over the lion's share of the costs generated by the minimum wage to …

This paper reports the results from a statistical analysis of pharmaceutical price negotiations in Germany, where the …' launch strategy (freely chosen first year price) still has a major impact on pricing while the impact of the additional …

transfer scheme called "gas price brake." A unique feature of this energy price relief measure is that both households and the … industry receive a transfer that increases in one's actual gas price. In a formal model, we show that such a transfer scheme … overcome this adverse effect of the gas price brake. An equivalent critique applies to the electricity price brake that is to …

shocks have large and persistent price effects, while output effects tend to be moderate. The 2022 natural gas price spike … winter. Counterfactual simulations of an embargo on natural gas imports from Russia indicate similar positive price and …