We investigate the responsiveness of individual retirement decisions to changes in financial incentives. A reform … increased women's normal retirement age (NRA) in two steps from age 62 to age 63 first and then to age 64. At the same time … retirement at the previous NRA became possible at a benefit discount. Since the reform affected specific birth cohorts we can …

We investigate whether a cut in unemployment benefit payout periods affected older workers' labor market transitions … unemployed declined after the reform. These patterns suggest that the reform of unemployment benefits may be one of the reasons …

We investigate the unemployment pathway to retirement in Germany and study the causal effects of two early retirement … unemployment, and shifted to alternative pathways into retirement. The overall use of the retirement system declined by about 1 … reforms. Reform 1 (NRA) increased normal retirement age stepwise from 60 to 65. Simultaneously, it became possible to use …

age 25 for East and West German youths: non-employment (i.e., unemployment or out of the labor force), permanent fulltime …

aggregate unemployment. Our evidence supports countercyclical teenage fertility. …

This paper studies the association between the unemployment experience of fathers and their sons. Based on German … and the Gottschalk (1996) method we investigate to what extent fathers' unemployment is causal for offsprings' employment … intergenerational unemployment transmission. This outcome is robust to alternative data structures and to tests at the intensive and …

market outcomes do not benefit significantly from naturalization. Naturalization reduces the risks of unemployment and …