We model EU countries' bank ratings using financial variables and allowing for intercept and slope heterogeneity. Our … aim is to assess whether "old" and "new" EU countries are rated differently and to determine whether "new" ones are … intercepts) are a crucial determinant of ratings. Whilst "new" EU countries typically have lower ratings than "old" ones, after …

both the host and the source countries. It models the host country stylistically as a core EU welfare state, with tax … financed benefits and migration policies, and the migration source country as an accession country (following the EU … voter.The paper models the host country stylistically as a member of the core of an economic union (i.e., a core EU welfare …

income shock in the EU, compared to 32 per cent in the US. In the case of an unemployment shock 48 per cent of the shock are … absorbed in the EU, compared to 34 per cent in the US. This cushioning of disposable income leads to a demand stabilization of … 26 to 35 per cent in the EU and 19 per cent in the US. There is large heterogeneity within the EU. Automatic stabilizers …

This paper analyses the trade balance effects of Europe agreements (EA) between the EU-15 and four new EU members from …

In the course of the EU enlargement process, the participation of accession countries in the European Monetary Union …

affectsrevenue, tobacco consumption control, and EU competition. Thispaper examines the arguments and concludes that a …

substantially from accession to the internal market, although some sectors in these countries will shrink. Most EU countries will …

apprehensive of the E.U., consider the enlargement of the E.U. as having gone too far, be suspicious of immigrants and not want …

favor of remaining in the EU. Somewhat surprisingly, the intensity of immigration from the EU is positively correlated with …