We provide difference-in-differences evidence from Germany on the effect of deregulating weekday shop opening hours on employment in food retailing. Using data on the universe of German shops, we find that relaxing restrictions on business hours increased employment by 0.4 workers per shop...

A 1996 change in shopping hours regulations in the Netherlands provides an opportunity to study the effects of timing constraints on total time spent in shopping, working, and other activities as well as the timing of these activities. We develop a simple structural model to make predictions...

This paper reconstructs the long-term development of retailing, including industrial, economic and social antecedents and consequences.Among other things, it includes innovation in the form of the emergence and diffusion of successive novel types of shop (including self-service), relations...